40m Library

Tutorials

This page is for links to pedagogical explanations of techniques and phenomena endemic to LIGO, with a target audience of summer students and visitors. It's called "Tutorials" because that's easier to spell.

• Feedback for physicists: A tutorial essay on control by John Bechhoefer

• Beginner's Guide to Filter Topologies

• PLL Performance, Simulation and Design. A tutorial on PLL design by National Semiconductor Corp..

• Choosing and Using Bypass Capacitors A tutorial on why and how to use bypass capacitors.

• Noise Analysis In Operational Amplifier Circuits. A manual on op-amp circuit noise calculation by Texas Instrument.

• Low-Noise Amplifier Stability Concept to Practical Considerations. A tutorial on low-noise opamp stability by Maxim.

• Operational Driving Capacitive Loads With Op Amps. A useful tutorial by Microchip with nice analytical explanations.

• Picking Capacitors - Part I

• Picking Capacitors - Part II

• Introduction to Choosing MLC Capacitors For Bypass/Decoupling Applications. A tutorial on how to choose decoupling capacitors to ensure signal integrity.

• Transimpedance of a broadband PD by KA

• Comparisons of the PD circuits by KA

• Laser Beams and Resonators by H. Kogelnik and T. Li (a good introduction to Gaussian beams)

• Mode couplings of two astigmatic beams by KA

• Residual amplitude modulation from electro-optic phase modulation by ZK

• Split-power detection and quantum noise by ZK - An analysis of how quantum noise affects a split-power measurement, as in the LIGO DC readout or ISS.

• On the accumulated round-trip Gouy phase shift for a general optical cavity by KA

• An introduction to signal extraction in interferometric gravitational wave detectors by Eric D. Black and Ryan N. Gutenkunst

• Notes on the Pound-Drever-Hall technique by Eric D. Black

• Impact of ultralow phase noise oscillators on system performance. A tutorial on phase noise.

• Characterizing Phase Noise. By Minicircuits, a tutorial for the novice RF engineer on how to characterize phase noise.

• Relationship between FM and PM

• Relationship between Q and decay time

• Pendulum EoM calculation in multiple ways by Gabriela González

• Seismic Sensors and their Calibration by E. Wielandt. An introduction to the basic principles behind commercial seismometers and accelerometers.

Web Resources

• https://www.hpmemoryproject.org/an/pdf/pn11729C-2.pdf

• http://www.rfdesign.com

• CVI Cool Tips

• Self-resonant frequencies

• Presentation by Yoichi about the subtleties of Gravity in COMSOL and some possible workarounds.

• Exposure triangle - an introduction to what "ISO", "f-stop" and "shutter-speed" settings mean for the quality of photograph captured using a DSLR.

Theses

• Rana Adhikari (MIT) - Sensitivity and Noise Analysis of 4 km Laser Interferometric Gravitational Wave Antennae

• Rob Ward (Caltech) - Length sensing and control of a prototype advanced interferometric gravitational wave detector

• Tomotada Akutsu (Univ. of Tokyo) - Search for a stochastic background of gravitational waves at 100 MHz with laser interferometers

• Masaki Ando (Univ. of Tokyo) - Power recycling for an interferometric gravitational wave detector

• Koji Arai (Univ. of Tokyo) - Robust extraction of control signals for power-recycled interferometric gravitational-wave detectors

• Yoichi Aso (Univ. of Tokyo) - Active Vibration Isolation for a LaserInterferometric Gravitational Wave Detector using a Suspension Point Interferometer

• Stefan Ballmer (MIT) - LIGO interferometer operating at design sensitivity with application to gravitational radiometry

• Lisa Barsotti (Pisa Univ.) - The control of the Virgo interferometer for gravitational wave detection

• Andreas Freise (Univ. of Hannover) - The Next Generation of Interferometry: Multi-Frequency Optical Modelling, Control Concepts and Implementation

• Hartmut Grote (Univ. of Hannover) - Making it Work: Second Generation Interferometry in GEO600!

• Gerhard Heinzel (Univ. of Hannover) - Advanced optical techniques for laser-interferometric gravitational-wave detectors

• Wengsheng Hua (Stanford) - Low Frequency Vibration Isolation

• Keita Kawabe (Univ. of Tokyo) - Development of a 3-meter Fabry-Perot-Michelson Interferometer for Gravitational Wave Detection

• Nergis Mavalvara (MIT) - Alignment Issues in Laser Interferometric Gravitational-wave Detectors

• Osamu Miyakawa (Univ. of Tokyo) - Development of a Variable-Bandwidth Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Detector

• Shigeo Nagano (Univ. of Tokyo) - A Study of Frequency and Intensity Stabilization System with a High-power Laser for the TAMA300 Gravitational-wave Detector

• Atsushi Nishizawa (Univ. of Kyoto) - Search for cosmological gravitational-wave background at high frequencies

• Kenji Numata (Univ. of Tokyo) - Direct measurement of mirror thermal noise

• Martin Regehr (Caltech) - Signal Extraction and Control for an Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detector

• Kazuhiro Yamamoto (Univ. of Tokyo) - Study of the thermal noise caused by inhomogeneously distributed loss

• Jun Mizuno (Univ of Hannover) - Comparison of optical configurations for laser-interferometric gravitational-wave detectors

• Kiwamu Izumi (Univ of Tokyo) - https://dcc.ligo.org/cgi-bin/private/DocDB/ShowDocument?docid=99418

Papers

• Armor - Phase-lock control considerations for coherently combined lasers

• How to lock the frequency of a laser to that of a reference laser with a PLL.

• K Arai - New signal extraction scheme with harmonic demodulation for power-recycled Fabry–Perot–Michelson interferometers

• The original paper for the harmonic demodulation scheme

• ''Observation of an effect due to non-stationary shot noise'' by Mio et Tsubono

Lab Equipment Manuals

• New Focus 1601, 1611 Photodiodes

• Marconi/IFR 2023 Operating Manual

• HP8590 Spectrum Analyzer Programmer Manual

• Light Wave Electronics NPRO model 125/126 manual

• Fluke 6061A RF Function Generator

• New Focus LB1005 High Speed Servo Controller

LIGO Documents

• Advanced LIGO anticipated sensitivity curves

40m papers

• Rob's paper about DC readout for the 40m attachment:dcreadout40m.pdfattachment:CQGrevised.tar.gzattachment:CQGsubmit.tar.gz

Computer Stuff

• Emacs Cheat Sheet

• "A not so short introduction to LaTeX. Or LaTeX 2e in 141 min", by Tobias Oetiker.

• LaTeX Cheat Sheet

Written in Japanese

• Master thesis by Y.Arase